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The red warbler (''Cardellina ruber'') is a small passerine bird endemic to the highlands of Mexico, north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. It is closely related to, and forms a superspecies with, the pink-headed warbler of southern Mexico and Guatemala. There are three subspecies, found in disjunct populations, which differ primarily in the color of their ear patch and in the brightness and tone of their body plumage. The adult is bright red, with a white or gray ear patch, depending on the subspecies; young birds are pinkish-brown, with a whitish ear patch and two pale wingbars. Like all New World warblers, the red warbler is an insectivore. It gleans primarily in understory shrubs. Breeding typically occurs between February and May. The female lays three or four eggs in a domed nest, which she builds on the ground. Though she alone incubates the eggs, both sexes feed the young and remove fecal sacs from the nest. The young fledge within 10–11 days of hatching. ==Taxonomy== When he first described the red warbler in 1827, naturalist William John Swainson assigned it to the genus ''Setophaga''. Over the next half century, other naturalists moved it to ''Cardellina'', with the red-faced warbler, and to the widespread tropical warbler genus ''Basileuterus'', as well as to the Old World warbler genus ''Sylvia'' and the Old World tit genus ''Parus''. In 1873, naturalists Philip Lutley Sclater and Osbert Salvin moved the species to the genus ''Ergaticus'', where it remained for more than a century. There are three subspecies, which differ slightly in appearance:〔 *''C. r. ruber'', described by Swainson in 1827, has white ear patches and is found from southern Jalisco and southern Hidalgo to Oaxaca. *''C. r. melanauris'', which was described by Robert Thomas Moore in 1937,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ITIS Standard Report: ''Ergaticus ruber'' )〕 has dark gray ear patches and somewhat more scarlet upperparts than ''C. r. ruber''.〔 It is found from southwestern Chihuahua to northern Nayarit.〔 *''C. r. rowleyi'' was described by R. T. Orr and J. D. Webster in 1968.〔 It has white ear patches and ruby-red upperparts (brightest of the three subspecies), and is found in the Sierra Madre del Sur, from Guerrero to southern Oaxaca.〔 The red warbler forms a superspecies with the pink-headed warbler of Chiapas and Guatemala, to which it is closely related. Despite their disjunct ranges and considerably different plumages, the two have sometimes been considered conspecific. Conversely, it has also been suggested that the red warbler should be split into a northern gray-eared species (''C. melanauris'') and a southern white-eared species (''C. ruber''). The red warbler's common name is a straightforward reference to its color. The genus name ''Cardellina'' is the diminutive of the Italian ''cardella'', a regional name for the European goldfinch, while its specific name, ''ruber'', is Latin for "red". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「red warbler」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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